Abstract Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition associated with severe outcomes such as stroke and death. One of the main modifiable risk factor for hypertension is an unhealthy diet, often characterized by the consumption of ultraprocessed foods such as sweetened beverages. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of sweetened beverages, both sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened, and the prevalence of hypertension in adults. A cross-sectional, household, population-based study with 1,162 adults from two Brazilian cities were carried out. The consumption of food groups and sweetened beverages was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and other data were self-reported. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The association between sweetened beverages consumption and hypertension was analyzed using Poisson regression models, expressed as Prevalence Ratio. The prevalence of hypertension was 16.7%, with no significant difference between genders. The prevalence of consumption of sweetened beverages was 70.3% in men and 54.6% in women, being significantly higher in men. Women who consumed sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages 6 to 7 days per week had 92% higher prevalence of hypertension compared to those who did not consume or consumed at a lower frequency. Furthermore, women who consumed artificially sweetened beverages at least 1 time per week had 3.36 times higher prevalence of hypertension. The habitual consumption of sweetened beverages may be an important risk factor for hypertension, especially the consumption of diet beverages, which are often marketed as healthier than sugar-sweetened beverages.

Resumen La Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica es una condición clínica multifactorial asociada a resultados graves como el ictus y la muerte. Uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables de la hipertensión es una dieta poco saludable, a menudo caracterizada por el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados como las bebidas endulzadas. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la relación entre el consumo de bebidas endulzadas, tanto azucaradas como edulcoradas artificialmente, y la prevalencia de hipertensión en adultos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, domiciliario y poblacional con 1,162 adultos de dos ciudades brasileñas. El consumo de grupos de alimentos y bebidas endulzadas se obtuvo mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y los demás datos fueron autoinformados. Se midieron el peso, la talla y el perímetro de la cintura. La asociación entre el consumo de bebidas endulzadas y la hipertensión se analizó mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson, expresados como Ratio de Prevalencia. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue del 16,7%, sin diferencias significativas entre géneros. La prevalencia de consumo de bebidas endulzadas fue del 70,3% en los hombres y del 54,6% en las mujeres, siendo significativamente mayor en los hombres. Las mujeres que consumían bebidas azucaradas y edulcoradas artificialmente entre 6 y 7 días a la semana tenían 92% mayor prevalencia de hipertensión que las que no consumían o consumían con una frecuencia menor. Además, las mujeres que consumían bebidas edulcoradas al menos 1 vez por semana tenían una prevalencia de hipertensión 3,36 veces mayor. Así pues, el consumo habitual de bebidas endulzadas puede ser un importante factor de riesgo de hipertensión, especialmente el consumo de bebidas dietéticas, que a menudo se comercializan como más saludables que las bebidas azucaradas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Analisou-se a tendência temporal das taxas de detecção de sífilis segundo o método de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram notificados 62.765 casos de sífilis em pessoas idosas. Verificou-se tendência crescente na taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil. O aumento foi de, aproximadamente, seis vezes, com incremento médio de 25% a cada ano (variação percentual anual [VPA]: 25,0; IC95% 22,1–28,1). O aumento na taxa de detecção foi identificado em ambos os sexos e para todos os grupos etários, com destaque para o incremento no sexo feminino (VPA: 49,1; IC95% 21,9–26,8) e no grupo com 70 a 79 anos de idade (VPA: 25,8; IC95% 23,3–28,3). Todas as macrorregiões do país apresentaram tendência crescente, com destaque para as regiões Nordeste (VPA: 51,2; IC95% 43,0–59,8) e Sul (VPA: 49,2; IC95% 32,3–68,3). Conclusão: A tendência crescente da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas em todo território brasileiro evidencia a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações efetivas e multiprofissionais de prevenção e assistência adaptada a esse público.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the trend in the detection rate of syphilis in elderly people in Brazil from 2011 to 2019. Methods: An ecological, time-series study with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The temporal trend of syphilis detection rates was analyzed according to the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. Results: 62,765 cases of syphilis in aged people were reported. There was a growing trend in the rate of syphilis detection in aged people in Brazil. The increase was of approximately six times, with a mean increase of 25% each year (annual percent change [APC]: 25.0; 95%CI 22.1–28.1). The increase in the detection rate was identified in both genders and for all age groups, with emphasis on the increase in females (APC: 49.1; 95%CI 21.9–26.8) and in the group aged 70 to 79 years old (APC: 25.8; 95%CI 23.3–28.3). All macro-regions of the country showed an increasing trend, with emphasis on the Northeast (APC: 51.2; 95%CI 43.0–59.8) and South (APC: 49.2; 95%CI 32.3–68.3). Conclusion: The growing trend in the detection rate of syphilis in aged people throughout Brazil highlights the need for planning and developing effective and multidisciplinary prevention actions and assistance adapted to this public.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the trend in the detection rate of syphilis in elderly people in Brazil from 2011 to 2019. Methods: An ecological, time-series study with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The temporal trend of syphilis detection rates was analyzed according to the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. Results: 62,765 cases of syphilis in aged people were reported. There was a growing trend in the rate of syphilis detection in aged people in Brazil. The increase was of approximately six times, with a mean increase of 25% each year (annual percent change [APC]: 25.0; 95%CI 22.1–28.1). The increase in the detection rate was identified in both genders and for all age groups, with emphasis on the increase in females (APC: 49.1; 95%CI 21.9–26.8) and in the group aged 70 to 79 years old (APC: 25.8; 95%CI 23.3–28.3). All macro-regions of the country showed an increasing trend, with emphasis on the Northeast (APC: 51.2; 95%CI 43.0–59.8) and South (APC: 49.2; 95%CI 32.3–68.3). Conclusion: The growing trend in the detection rate of syphilis in aged people throughout Brazil highlights the need for planning and developing effective and multidisciplinary prevention actions and assistance adapted to this public.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Analisou-se a tendência temporal das taxas de detecção de sífilis segundo o método de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram notificados 62.765 casos de sífilis em pessoas idosas. Verificou-se tendência crescente na taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil. O aumento foi de, aproximadamente, seis vezes, com incremento médio de 25% a cada ano (variação percentual anual [VPA]: 25,0; IC95% 22,1–28,1). O aumento na taxa de detecção foi identificado em ambos os sexos e para todos os grupos etários, com destaque para o incremento no sexo feminino (VPA: 49,1; IC95% 21,9–26,8) e no grupo com 70 a 79 anos de idade (VPA: 25,8; IC95% 23,3–28,3). Todas as macrorregiões do país apresentaram tendência crescente, com destaque para as regiões Nordeste (VPA: 51,2; IC95% 43,0–59,8) e Sul (VPA: 49,2; IC95% 32,3–68,3). Conclusão: A tendência crescente da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas em todo território brasileiro evidencia a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações efetivas e multiprofissionais de prevenção e assistência adaptada a esse público.

RESUMEN Los alimentos ultraprocesados son productos industriales que contienen una composición nutricional desbalanceada, contribuyendo a un elevado de calorías, azúcares, grasas y sodio. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados de adolescentes, adultos y ancianos. En la ciudad de Teresina, Piauí, se entrevistó a adolescentes (10 a 19 años), adultos (20 a 59 años) y ancianos (≥60 años). Una encuesta recordatoria de 24 h se utilizó para evaluar el consumo de alimentos con una repetición posterior en el 40% de la muestra. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) con la prueba post-hoc de Bonferroni para comparar los datos y se aceptó como significativo el valor de p<0.05. Se observó que los adolescentes que consumían una mayor cantidad de alimentos ultraprocesados (2º y 3º tercil) consumían significativamente menos cereales y legumbres. Entre los adultos, se observó que los terciles con mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados tenían significativamente menor consumo de cereales, carne, frutas, verduras, legumbres y huevos. Entre los ancianos, en los terciles con mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, hubo un consumo significativamente menor de granos y carne. Se concluye que el mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados contribuyó al menor consumo de alimentos no procesados o mínimamente procesados.

ABSTRACT Ultra-processed foods are industrial products that contain an unbalanced nutritional composition, contributing to a high intake of calories, sugars, fats and sodium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods among adolescents, adults and the elderly. In the city of Teresina, Piauí, adolescents (10 to 19 years old), adults (20 to 59 years old) and elderly persons (≥60 years old) were interviewed. The 24-hour food recall was used to assess food consumption with subsequent replication in 40% of the sample. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used to verify the data, and the value of p<0.05 was adopted as significant. It was observed that adolescents who consumed a greater amount of ultra-processed foods (2nd and 3rd tertile) consumed significantly less grains and legumes. Among adults, it was observed that the tertiles with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods had significantly lower consumption of grains, meat, fruits, vegetables, legumes and eggs. Among the elderly, in the tertiles with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, there was significantly lower consumption of grains and meat. We conclude that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods contributed to a lower consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidant nutrients in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the data of 327 adolescents in a high school in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, pertaining to their socioeconomic background, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (selenium; copper; zinc; vitamins A, C, and E), hemodynamics, and biochemical tests. The criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in adolescents were applied. Binary logistic regression was used to verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidants. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 7.0%, with a significant association between body mass index and blood pressure. Lower tertiles of copper and vitamins A and E intake were associated with high triglyceride and glycemic levels. The association with vitamins A and E remained after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between lower vitamins A and E intake and metabolic syndrome components (altered triglycerides and glycemic levels) was found. Besides further studies on this issue, the need for health interventions was found, which ensures the appropriate intake of antioxidant nutrients during adolescence.